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Blood Group ABO, Rh and others System best and easy lecture for Nursing, Medical students..pdf
ABO & Rh blood grouping most clinically important systems Antigens determine blood group; antibodies determine compatibility O = universal donor (RBCs), AB = universal recipient Rh disease preventable with Anti-D Blood typing & crossmatch essential before blood transfusion.
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Blood Group ABO, Rh and others System best and easy lecture for Nursing, Medical students..pdf
- 1. Blood Group ABO,Rh & Other System!
- 2. WELCOME TO MYCLASS MD. ABU SAYED RN. BSN (RMU) Cardiothoracic Nursing Nursing Instructor Pabna Ideal Nursing College
- 3. Introduction Blood grouping isa method of classifying blood based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of RBCs. Understanding blood groups is essential for safe transfusion, pregnancy care, and clinical practice. Blood Groups
- 4. a. Antigens (Agglutinogens) Proteins or carbohydrates located on RBC membranes. Determine an individual’s blood group. b. Antibodies (Agglutinins) Present in plasma. React with specific antigens causing agglutination Important Notes O group = Universal Donor (no antigens) AB group = Universal Recipient (no antibodies) . 2. Basic Concepts
- 5. 3. ABO BloodGroup System Blood Group RBC Antigen Plasma Antibodies Can Receive From Can Donate To A A Anti-B A, O A, AB B B Anti-A B, O B, AB AB A & B None A, B, AB, O AB (Only) O None Anti-A & Anti- B O (Only) A, B, AB, O
- 6. Second most importantsystem. Rh Antigen Major determinant: D antigen If D antigen present → Rh Positive (+) If D antigen absent → Rh Negative (−) Why Rh is important? Transfusion Reactions Rh– person receiving Rh+ blood → antibodies develop → hemolysis. 4. Rh Blood Group System
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- 9. Occurs whenRh– mother carries Rh+ fetus Mother produces anti-D antibodies In subsequent pregnancy, these antibodies destroy fetal RBCs Prevention: Anti-D Immunoglobulin (Rh IG) at 28 weeks + after delivery Pregnancy (Erythroblastosis Fetalis / Hemolytic Disease of Newborn)
- 10. Blood Typing Methods 1.Forward (Cell) Typing Detects antigens on RBCs RBCs mixed with anti-A and anti-B sera → observe agglutination 2. Reverse (Serum) Typing Detects antibodies in plasma Plasma mixed with known A and B cells 3. Rh Typing RBCs mixed with anti-D antibodies
- 11. a. Acute HemolyticReaction Occurs due to ABO incompatibility Symptoms: Fever, chills, back pain, hypotension, hemoglobinuria Medical emergency b. Delayed Hemolytic Reaction Due to Rh or minor group antibodies c. Allergic Reactions Due to plasma proteins 6. Blood Transfusion Reactions
- 12. Safe transfusionpractices Crossmatching & compatibility testing Care of newborns at risk for Rh disease Patient education (e.g., Rh status in pregnancy) Recognizing transfusion reactions early Clinical Importance for Nurses
- 13. ABO &Rh: most clinically important systems Antigens determine blood group; antibodies determine compatibility O = universal donor (RBCs), AB = universal recipient Rh disease preventable with Anti-D Blood typing & crossmatch essential before transfusion Summary
- 14. Have You AnyQuestion?
- 15. MCQ 1 Whichantigen determines the Rh-positive blood group? A. Antigen A B. Antigen B C. Antigen D D. Antigen O MCQ 2 A person with blood group O has which antibodies in the plasma? A. Anti-A B. Anti-B C. Anti-A & Anti-B D. None Sample MCQ Questions
- 16. MCQ 3 Whichblood group is known as the "universal donor" for RBC transfusion? A. A B. B C. AB D. O MCQ 4 A person with blood group AB can receive blood from: A. A only B. B only C. AB only D. A, B, AB, O
- 17. MCQ 5 Hemolyticdisease of the newborn occurs when: A. Rh+ mother carries Rh– baby B. Rh– mother carries Rh+ baby C. Rh+ father carries Rh– baby D. Both parents are Rh– MCQ 6 Which method is used to detect antigens on the surface of RBCs? A. Reverse typing B. Forward typing C. Crossmatching D. Indirect Coombs test
- 18. MCQ 7 ABblood group has: A. No antigens B. No antibodies C. Both antibodies D. Only anti-A antibodies MCQ 8 The severe reaction caused by wrong ABO blood transfusion is: A. Febrile reaction B. Delayed hemolytic reaction C. Acute hemolytic reaction D. Allergic reaction
- 19. MCQ 9 Anti-Dimmunoglobulin (RhIG) is given to: A. Rh+ mother B. Rh– mother C. Rh+ newborn D. AB blood group individuals MCQ 10 Which of the following blood groups does not contain any antigen on RBCs? A. A B. B C. AB D. O
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- 21. SAQ 1: Defineblood group and explain the basis of blood group classification. SAQ 2: Write the differences between Forward typing and Reverse typing. SAQ 3: Describe the ABO blood group system with antigens and antibodies. SAQ 4: Explain the importance of the Rh factor in blood transfusion and pregnancy. SAQ 5: What is hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN / Erythroblastosis fetalis)? Mention its prevention. Sample Questions
- 22. SAQ 6: Writethe causes and clinical features of Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction. SAQ 7: Why is O group considered the universal donor? Explain physiologically. SAQ 8: Describe the process of crossmatching before blood transfusion. SAQ 9: Mention the clinical importance of blood grouping in nursing practice. SAQ 10: List the components of blood used in transfusion and explain which groups can receive them.
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