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ATTENTION - PART 1.pptx cognitive processes -For B.Sc I Sem By Mrs.Shilpa Hotakar
- 1. ATTENTION Mrs.Shilpa Hotakar Assistant Professor Departmentof Psychiatric Nursing Sri Siddhartha College of Nursing Tumkur
- 2. ATTENTION īĩ Attention meansfocusing your mind on one thing at a time. When you pay attention, you notice one object or idea clearly and ignore other things around you. Example: īĩ When a nurse listens carefully to a patientâs complaint, she focuses only on the patient and ignores the noise in the ward. This is attention.
- 3. Definitions īĩ Sharma R.N.(1967) âAttention is a process which compels the individual to select a particular stimulus according to his interest and attitude from among the many stimuli present in the environment.â īĩ He says that attention helps a person pick one important thing from the many things happening around them. We choose based on interest and need. īĩ Example: A mother hears her baby crying even in a noisy market because it is important to her.
- 4. Definitions 2. Dumville (1938) īĩâAttention is the concentration of consciousness upon one object rather than upon another.â īĩ He says attention is concentrating your mind on one object and not on others. īĩ Example: While reading, if you focus only on the book and not on the TV sound, that is attention.
- 5. TYPES OF ATTENTION Thereare two main types of attention: Voluntary Attention (Volitional) â needs effort Involuntary Attention (Non-Volitional) â happens automatically 1. VOLUNTARY ATTENTION (Volitional Attention) This type of attention needs conscious effort and willpower. You force yourself to pay attention. Examples: īĩ Studying for an exam īĩ Solving a math's problem īĩ Listening to a boring lecture with effort
- 6. Voluntary attention hastwo subtypes a. Implicit Volitional Attention īĩ Only one act of will is needed. īĩ Small effort is enough to pay attention. Example: A teacher gives homework and says, âIf you donât complete, you will be punished.â The child immediately pays attention and finishes the work.
- 7. Voluntary attention hastwo subtypes b. Explicit Volitional Attention īĩ Needs continuous and repeated effort. īĩ Hard work and strong willpower are required. Example: Studying seriously during exam days to get good marks. You keep pushing yourself to stay focused.
- 8. 2. INVOLUNTARY ATTENTION(Non-Volitional Attention) īĩ This type of attention happens without effort. We automatically focus due to strong stimuli or emotions. Examples: īĩ Turning your head when you hear a loud sound īĩ Looking at bright lights īĩ Noticing strong smell suddenly
- 9. INVOLUNTARY ATTENTION HASTWO SUBTYPES: a. Enforced Non-Volitional Attention Attention occurs because of instincts such as curiosity, fear, hunger, etc. No conscious effort is needed. Example: You immediately look when you hear a sudden noise because of curiosity.
- 10. INVOLUNTARY ATTENTION HASTWO SUBTYPES b. Spontaneous Non-Volitional Attention īĩ Attention occurs because of sentiments or emotions. īĩ We naturally pay attention to things we love or care about. Example: A mother immediately notices her baby crying. A person automatically listens when someone talks about a topic they love.
- 11. DETERMINANTS OF ATTENTION Determinantsof attention are also called: īĩ Factors that arouse attention īĩ Conditions that help us focus īĩ Factors that capture and hold attention īĩ These factors help a person notice, select, and focus on a particular stimulus.
- 12. They are groupedinto two types: I.EXTERNAL FACTORS These are factors outside the person, present in the environment. 1. Nature of Stimulus Some stimuli naturally attract more attention than others. Pictures attract attention more than words. Human pictures (beautiful women or handsome men) attract more attention than pictures of animals or objects. Colors and sounds attract more attention compared to other sensations.
- 13. I.EXTERNAL FACTORS 2. Intensityof Stimulus Stronger or more powerful stimuli attract more attention. Examples: īĩ Loud sound īĩ Bright light īĩ Strong smell These grab our attention faster than weak, dull, or soft stimuli.
- 14. I.EXTERNAL FACTORS 3. Sizeof Stimulus Larger things usually attract more attention than smaller ones. Examples: īĩ A large poster grabs more attention than a small paper. īĩ A small object placed on a large, blank background also gets noticed easily.
- 15. I.EXTERNAL FACTORS 4. Contrast,Change, and Novelty a. Contrast īĩ Something different from its surroundings gets noticed quickly. Example: A student wearing a red dress in a class of white uniforms. b. Change īĩ We notice something when it changes from routine. Examples: īĩ We usually donât notice a clockâs ticking, but when it suddenly stops, we notice it. īĩ A change in room temperature or lighting gets your attention immediately. īĩ Anything that breaks the regular pattern attracts attention.
- 16. I.EXTERNAL FACTORS c. Novelty Newor unusual things easily attract attention. Novelty means something new, fresh, or different. Examples: īĩ A new building īĩ A new teacher entering the classroom īĩ A unique hairstyle īĩ A newly introduced piece of hospital equipment īĩ The brain quickly focuses on new things because they stand out.
- 17. I.EXTERNAL FACTORS 5. Locationof Stimulus Where the stimulus is placed also affects how much attention it receives. Things placed directly in front of our eyes are noticed more easily. Examples: īĩ Advertisements on the front page of a newspaper catch more attention than those inside. īĩ Ads placed on the top half of any page attract more attention than those at the bottom. īĩ Notice boards placed at eye level are read more often
- 18. I.EXTERNAL FACTORS 6. Repetitionof Stimulus īĩ When something is shown or heard again and again, it captures attention more effectively. Examples: īĩ A misspelled word repeated twice in a paragraph is more likely to be noticed. īĩ Repeated announcements in hospitals (âPlease maintain silenceâ) get attention. Important Note: īĩ Too much repetition can cause boredom, and people may start ignoring it. īĩ So repetition should be used wisely.
- 19. I.EXTERNAL FACTORS 7. Movementof Stimulus Moving objects attract attention faster than still ones. Examples: īĩ Television and cinema screens hold our attention for a long time because the images keep moving. īĩ A flying bird is noticed more quickly than a bird sitting still. īĩ A rotating fan attracts attention more than a stationary one. īĩ Movement naturally draws our eyes toward it.
- 20. I.EXTERNAL FACTORS 8. DefiniteForm of the Object īĩ Objects that have a clear, sharp, well-defined shape attract more attention than objects that are unclear or vague. īĩ Our eyes easily notice things that have clear boundaries. Examples: īĩ A neatly drawn shape (circle, square) attracts more attention than a blurred or unclear shape. īĩ A figure is noticed more quickly than the background behind it. (Example: A person standing in front of a wall is noticed more than the wall itself.)
- 21. I.EXTERNAL FACTORS 9. Isolationof Stimulus īĩ When something is separate or stands alone, it catches attention faster. Examples: īĩ A student sitting alone in a corner is noticed first in a classroom. īĩ A single red flower in a vase of white flowers quickly grabs attention. īĩ A single word highlighted in yellow gets noticed immediately.
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