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04/17/2025 PROJECT BATCH 4A02: [ECE/A], AY: 2024-25
Eight-port multiband MIMO antenna design with high isolation
for 5G smartphones
PROJECT TEAM MEMBERS:
21ME1A0437 Mr. B. V S Manikanta
21ME1A0408 Mr. B. S N V Siva Rama Krishna
21ME1A0430 Mr. D. Vinod
21ME1A0451 Mr. B N R M S Harsha Vardhan
Mentor: [Dr. J. Prasanth Kumar]
1

04/17/2025 PROJECT BATCH #: [ECE/A2], AY: 2024-25
CONTENTS:
• Abstract with keywords
• Project Objectives
• Literature Review
• Uniqueness/Novelty of the Idea
• Methodology
• Block diagram/flow chart
• Resources and BoM
• Detailed Execution Plan
2

ABSTRACT:
This project presents the design and analysis of a compact eight-port multiband multiple-input multiple-output
(MIMO) antenna for 5G smartphones. The proposed antenna is designed using meandering radiating elements on an
FR4 substrate with optimized dimensions, loss tangent, and relative permittivity. It operates across multiple frequency
bands, ensuring wideband coverage suitable for 5G applications. The measured results demonstrate an omnidirectional
radiation pattern with high efficiency across all operating bands. The eight-port MIMO configuration ensures high
isolation, a low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), a high diversity gain, a low total active reflection coefficient
(TARC), and minimal channel capacity loss (CCL). Additionally, a hand phantom is used to evaluate the reflection
coefficients and efficiency, validating the antenna’s performance for practical 5G applications.
Keywords:MIMO Antenna, Multiband, 5G Smartphones, Isolation, Compact Design
3

Project Objectives
4
• Design and Development
To design a compact eight-port multiband MIMO antenna suitable for integration
into 5G smartphones.
• Performance Optimization
To achieve high isolation (>17.5 dB), low envelope correlation coefficient
(<0.04), and high diversity gain (≈9.98 dB) across the operating frequency bands.
• Frequency Band Coverage
To ensure the antenna operates efficiently at 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 5.5 GHz,
meeting the bandwidth requirements of 5G communication systems.
• Evaluation of Real-World Performance
To analyze the antenna’s performance under real-world scenarios using a hand
phantom model, ensuring minimal degradation in efficiency and reflection
coefficients.

Complete Literature Review
AY: 2024-25 PROJECT BATCH #: [ECE/A2]
Author, Year,
Journal
Objective Methodology Key Findings Relevance
Zainab Faydhe Al-
Azzawi et al., 2023,
Journal of
Telecommunication
s and Information
Technology
Introduce a dual-
functional MIMO
array with improved
isolation and
multiband coverage.
Used a modified
Peano-type fractal
geometry for
antenna elements
and spatial diversity
methods for the
ground plane.
Demonstrated
isolation values of
23 dB for single-
band systems and 16
dB for dual-band
systems.
Relevant due to its
focus on self-
isolation techniques
for multiband
MIMO arrays in
smartphones.
Vincy Lumina et
al., 2024,
International
Journal of
Microwave and
Wireless
Technologies
Develop a compact
eight-port MIMO
antenna for 5G
applications with
multiband operation.
Utilized meandering
radiators on an FR4
substrate (150 × 80 ×
0.8 mm). Simulated
antenna resonance at
2.4, 3.5, and 5.5
GHz.
Achieved high
isolation (>17.5 dB),
low ECC (<0.04),
diversity gain of
9.98 dB, and
efficiency of 58–
78%.
Highly relevant to
designing multiband
MIMO antennas
with high isolation
for 5G smartphones.

04/17/2025 PROJECT BATCH #: [ECE/A2], AY: 2024-25 6
Yixin Li et al.,
2019, IEEE
Transactions on
Antennas and
Propagation
Create a high-
isolation eight-
element MIMO
array for 3.5 GHz
5G bands.
Developed a
balanced open-slot
antenna to reduce
ground effects and
arranged eight
elements to
maximize
polarization
diversity.
Reported isolation
>17.5 dB, ECC
<0.05, efficiency
>62%, and good
impedance matching
in the 3.5 GHz
band.
Highly relevant for
its use of
polarization
diversity and
balanced open-slot
design for 5G
applications.
Taoyu Ren and
Changjiang Deng,
2020, International
Conference on
Microwave and
Millimeter Wave
Technology
Develop a compact
eight-element
MIMO antenna with
pattern diversity for
5G smartphones.
Designed a 22 ×
17.25 mm² module
with two tightly
arranged PIFA
elements per block,
employing in-phase
and out-of-phase
feeding for pattern
diversity.
Achieved port
isolation >15 dB,
efficiency >58%,
and impedance
matching (return
loss >6 dB) in the
3.5 GHz band.
Relevant for
exploring
differential-mode
feeding for compact
5G MIMO systems.

Uniqueness/Novelty of the Idea:
7
•Compact Multiband Design: Utilization of meandering elements for efficient space utilization
while supporting multiple frequency bands.
•High Isolation Without Extra Structures: Achieves strong isolation between ports without
relying on additional decoupling components, simplifying the design.
•Polarization Diversity: Mirror-image placement of antenna elements enhances polarization
diversity, improving signal quality.
•Cost-Effective Implementation: Designed with an easily available and low-cost substrate,
making it practical for mass production.
•Real-World Validation: Performance is evaluated under realistic conditions, including human
interaction scenarios.
•Parasitic-Free Multiband Operation: Achieves wideband functionality without the need for
parasitic elements, ensuring a streamlined design.
•Superior Diversity Performance: Provides high diversity gain and minimal correlation
between elements, enhancing signal reliability.

Methodology
8
•Design: Developed an eight-port MIMO antenna with meandering radiators on
FR4 substrate (150 × 80 × 0.8 mm).
•Simulation: Simulated using CST Microwave Studio Suite to optimize isolation,
ECC, and efficiency.
•Multiband Operation: Achieved resonance at 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 5.5 GHz
using an E-shaped slot in the ground plane.
•Fabrication: Fabricated the antenna using standard PCB etching techniques.
•Testing: Measured S-parameters, efficiency, and diversity gain in an anechoic
chamber.
•Validation: Evaluated real-world performance with hand phantom models under
single-hand and dual-hand conditions.

Block Diagram/Flow Chart
9

Resources Required
10
•Software: CST Microwave Studio or HFSS for simulation, MATLAB for data
analysis.
•Hardware: FR4 substrate (150 × 80 × 0.8 mm, tan δ = 0.02, εr = 4.4).
•Equipment: Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), Anechoic Chamber, Soldering
Station.
•Components: SMA connectors, microstrip lines, copper traces, inductors for
impedance matching.
•Miscellaneous: Testing jigs, calibration kits, hand phantoms.

Detailed execution Plan
11
WEEK-5 20-01-2025 25-01-2025 Details of hardware or electronic components or peripherals, if any required]
WEEK-6 27-01-2025 01-02-2025 Simulate antenna design using CST or HFSS.
WEEK-7 03-02-2025 08-02-2025 Analyze isolation, ECC, and efficiency results from simulations.
WEEK-8 10-02-2025 15-02-2025 Fabricate the antenna prototype on an FR4 substrate.
WEEK-9 17-02-2025 22-02-2025 Develop a testing setup using VNA and calibration kits.
WEEK-10 24-02-2025 01-03-2025 Conduct anechoic chamber tests and validate results.
WEEK-11 03-03-2025 08-03-2025 Analyze hand phantom effects on performance.
WEEK-12 10-03-2025 15-03-2025 Refine design based on testing results and repeat simulations if needed.
WEEK-13 17-03-2025 22-03-2025 Verify final results with further tests and comparisons.
WEEK-14 24-03-2025 29-03-2025 Prepare final design specifications and optimize for manufacturability.
WEEK-15 31-03-2025 05-04-2025 Create detailed documentation, including simulations and experimental data.
WEEK-16 07-04-2025 12-04-2025 Prepare presentation slides and finalize project report.

04/17/2025 PROJECT BATCH #: [ECE/A2], AY: 2024-25 12

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